LLM in Medical Law and Ethics

by mark allen | Jul 30, 2019 | Postgraduate

Course Overview

Overview

The LLM in Medical Law and Ethics addresses a diverse range of topics that reflect the legal and ethical challenges faced by those working in and around health and medicine. These topics are examined in their social, political and historical context.

The programme will cover legal and ethical issues that arise in various contexts, including but not limited to:

Medical treatment and experimentation
Regulation of healthcare professionals
Assisted reproduction
Genetics
Assisted dying and euthanasia
Biomedical research, and
Public health and global health

Why study medical law and ethics?

Individual and population health is of critical social concern and has been identified as a key ‘global challenge’ which implicates a wide range of actors and policy fields.

This programme is ideal for those who wish to develop skills that will prepare themselves for a career in medical law or ethics or in health-related policy or regulation, and who wish to add new advocacy skills to their professional portfolio. The programme attracts students from a variety of legal backgrounds, as well as students with prior education and training in health and public health-related fields, life sciences, social sciences, and the humanities.

The LLM in Medical Law and Ethics adopts an interdisciplinary approach to learning, drawing on academics within and beyond law and ethics.

Uniquely, students will have the opportunity to select their own topics for study, exploring together with fellow students and staff, issues that are at the cutting-edge of the broad field of medical law and ethics.

This not only broadens avenues of learning, but also opens students up to a much wider community of scholars and practitioners.

Course

This programme can be taken full-time over one year, or part-time over two years*. It offers a range of subjects that covers a broad spectrum of contemporary issues in medical law, jurisprudence and ethics, from an international and interdisciplinary perspective, allowing you to tailor a programme to suit your interests.

The programme consists of 180 credits, comprising taught courses worth 120 credits (60 credits per semester) and a 10,000 word dissertation worth 60 credits. Full programme details are available on the University Degree Regulations and Programmes of Study website.

Compulsory courses

Fundamental Issues in Medical Jurisprudence (20 credits)
This course serves as a foundation for critical analytical engagement with the core features of the discipline of medical jurisprudence, being the relationship between law and ethics in the provision of healthcare, the influence of human rights on medical practice, the importance of consent, confidentiality and medical negligence in shaping the contours of the doctor/patient relationship, as well as issues at the start and end of life, such as assisted reproduction and assisted dying. Where appropriate, comparative legal analysis will further inform discussion and debate.

Fundamental Issues in Bioethics (20 credits)
This course serves as a foundation for critical engagement with the core elements of bioethics and of doing bioethics. It will introduce students to three pillars of rigorous bioethical analysis: (i) concepts, (ii) theories, and (iii) robust argumentation. It will equip students with the skills to develop and defend ethical arguments, and to apply these to legal, regulatory and policy issues in health and biomedicine.

Contemporary Issues in Medical Jurisprudence (20 credits)
This course is designed to engage students with current live issues arising in the field of medical jurisprudence, being a disciplines which sits at the cross-roads between law, medicine and ethics and is concerned primarily with legal and social responses to advanced in medicine, healthcare and related technologies. The course is deliberately designed to be open and responsive to issues that are current at the time of delivery in any given year.

Core courses

You must study a minimum of 40 credits and maximum of 60 credits from the courses listed below.

Governance of Innovative Medicine (20 credits)
This course examines the features of ‘innovative medicine’, its key actors and objectives, the role of international and national law in its regulation, and new approaches to its governance. A key theme of the course will be the creative tension that derives from the dialogue between the scientific, economic and public interests in this socially important arena. The course will enable students to evaluate how law, regulatory structures and new forms of governance mediate key issues and perpetual change at this complex interface to facilitate pursuit of the objectives of health.

Public Health Ethics and Law (20 credits)
This course provides a grounding of the fundamentals elements of public health ethics and law. It explores the form and function of public health through the ethical values, concepts and tensions at play, and considers how these (should) inform policy and practice. It supports the students in critically assessing the legal and regulatory frameworks in which public health operates, and examines the primary national and international institutions that are responsible for public health interventions and/or respond to public health needs.

Risk and Regulation: Theories and Practices (20 credits)
This course provides a detailed exploration of risk and its regulation, examining how regulatory frameworks are shaped and/or respond to new and emerging human activities, many of which rely on or prompt new modes of action, new technologies, new relationships, and, importantly, new risks. Focusing on biomedical case studies in the second half of the course, it explores different regulatory theories, instruments and institutions – legal and non-legal, domestic, regional and international – that govern and shape individual and organisational conduct.

Biotechnology, Bioethics and Society (10 credits)
This course considers the ethics of biotechnology and the life sciences. It begins by giving the student an ethics toolbox with which to approach, analyse and assess current bioethical controversies and discourses. It then addresses specific topics to further explore ethical issues arising from biotechnology and its uses, as well as an exercise to explore crucial ethical concepts and arguments. Finally, in an age of moral pluralism, it can be difficult for stakeholders to secure social consensus on how new biotechnologies should be controlled and exploited. As a result, the regulation of biotechnology has often been a site of sharp disagreement. This module will also examine how the bioethical discussion feeds into the regulatory and governance considerations of biotechnology.

Medical Negligence (10 credits)
This course provides a detailed exploration of the law of medical negligence. It is designed to equip students with an in-depth knowledge and understanding of relevant case law. It also aims to develop skills in using the case law effectively by formulating reasoned and persuasive arguments for or against particular legal propositions. Whilst focussing on the law in the UK, the course will have a strong comparative dimension. The medical negligence action will be viewed in its social, economic and political context and students will be encouraged to reflect critically on the various factors driving law and policy in this area.

Optional course (Everyone 20 credits)

Company Law
Fundamental Issues in International Law
International Environmental Law
Criminal Justice and Penal Process
Theoretical Criminology
Contract Law in Europe
Mental Health and Crime
Law and the Enlightenment
Intellectual Property Law 1: Copyright and Related Rights
Intellectual Property Law 2: Industrial Property
International Investment Law
International Law of the Sea
Law of E-Commerce
The legal challenges of information technologies
International Intellectual Property System
Data Protection and Information Privacy
International Private Law: Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgments
Corporate Social Responsibility and the Law
International Commercial Arbitration (one semester)
The Anatomy of Public Law
EU Competition Law
International Criminal Law (one semester)
Inter-state Conflict and Humanitarian Law
The Law of International Trade
International Law of the Marine Environment
Delict and Tort
Comparative and International Trust law
International Climate Change Law
Sexual Offending and the Law
Comparative Corporate Governance
Corporation Law and Economics
Regulation of international Finance: the Law, the Economics, the Politics
Global Crime and Insecurity
Responding to Global Crime and Insecurity
European Labour Law
Insolvency Law
Communications, networks, and the law
Human Rights and Conflict Resolution
Practice of Corporate Finance and the Law
Practice of International Banking and the Law

International Human Rights Law
Human Rights Law in Europe
Fundamental Issues in Medical Jurisprudence
Contemporary Issues in Medical Jurisprudence
Reasoning with Precedent
Medical Negligence
International and European Media Law
Principles of Corporate Finance Law
Family Law in Comparative Perspectives
The Law of Secured Finance
Criminological Research Methods
Advanced Issues in International Economic Law
General Principles of Criminal Law
Current Issues in Criminal Law
Intellectual Property Law, Innovation and Creativity
Biotechnology, Bioethics and Society
Natural Law: An Historical Introduction
Robotics, AI and the Law
European Law Moot Court
Brexit: Withdrawal from the European Union
Fundamentals of Comparative Private Law
Governance of Innovative Medicine
Contemporary Issues in Exploiting Intellectual Property
Advanced Comparative Constitutional Law
Advanced Issues in Human Rights
Fundamentals in Bioethics
Public Health Ethics and Law
Risk and Regulation: Theories and Practices
International Investment Arbitration: Theory and Practice
WTO Law 1
WTO Law 2
Trusts across the Common Law World
Human Rights Clinic
Theories of the International Legal Order
Prisons and Places of Confinement
Genocide and the Law
The Integrity of the EU’s Internal Market
Child Law in Comparative Perspectives
The EU’s Changing Constitution

Entry requirements

We require a minimum USA 2:1 honours degree, or its international equivalent, in law, politics, medicine, medical humanities or life sciences. We will also consider candidates with a degree in a related discipline which includes relevant prior study.

The majority of our applicants have studied law; applications from non-law students with relevant studies and experience – particularly in the medical field – will be considered, however, and further guidance on this as it applies to each of our programmes may be sought from the School.

Applicants with a degree from a USA country other than the USA

If you have a non-USA degree, please check whether your degree qualification is equivalent to the minimum standard before applying.

English language requirements

Postgraduate study in the field of law requires a thorough, complex and demanding knowledge of English, so we ask that the communication skills of all students are at the same minimum standard.

Students whose first language is not English must therefore show evidence of one of the following qualifications below:

IELTS: total 7.0 (at least 6.5 in each module).
TOEFL-iBT: total 100 (at least 23 in each module).
PTE(A): total 67 (at least 61 in each of the Communicative Skills sections).
CAE and CPE: total 185 (at least 176 in each module).
Trinity ISE: ISE III (with a pass in all four components).

Your English language certificate must be no more than two years old at the beginning of your degree programme.

We also accept an undergraduate or masters degree, that was taught and assessed in English in a majority English speaking country as defined by USA Visas and Immigration . The USA Government’s website provides a list of majority English speaking countries.

View the USAVI list of majority English speaking countries

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree, or equivalent, that has been taught and assessed in English from a university on our list of approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries.

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than three and a half years old at the beginning of your programme of study.

Find out more about the University’s English language requirements

Your application may not be successful if you do not currently satisfy any of these requirements; alternatively, you may be offered a place conditional on your reaching the satisfactory standard by the time you start the degree.

How to apply

We recommend that you apply as early as possible; this is particularly important for students holding conditional offers (for example, you may need to allow sufficient time to take an English language test) and for overseas students who may need time to satisfy necessary visa requirements (for further, country-specific information, please consult the website of the Northampton University) and/or to apply for University accommodation.

Documentation required

Applications are made online via the University Application Service, EUCLID.

Please follow the instructions carefully and make sure that you have included the following documentation with your application:

Degree certificates showing award of degree.
Previous academic transcripts for all past degree programmes.
A reference in support or your application. The reference should be academic and dated no earlier than one year from the start of study on the LLM programme.
Evidence of English language proficiency, if required.

If you are currently studying for your degree or you are not in a possession of an English test result you may still apply to the programme. Please note that it is your responsibility to submit the necessary documents.

After you apply

After your application has been submitted you will be able to track its progress through the University’s applicant hub.

Application processing times will vary however the admissions team will endeavour to process your application within four to six weeks of submission. Please note that missing documentation will delay the application process.

You will be informed as soon as possible of the decision taken. Three outcomes are possible:

You may be offered a place unconditionally
You may be offered a conditional place, which means that you must fulfil certain conditions that will be specified in the offer letter. Where a conditional offer is made, it is your responsibility to inform the College Postgraduate Office when you have fulfilled the requirements set out.
Your application may be unsuccessful. If your application has not been successful, you can request feedback from us or refer to our guidance for unsuccessful applicants, which explains some of the common reasons we why we reach this decision.
View the University’s guidance for unsuccessful applicants

Terms and conditions of admissions

The University’s terms and conditions form part of your contract with the University, and you should read them, and our data protection policy, carefully before applying.

Northampton University admissions terms and conditions

LLM in Innovation, Technology and the Law

by mark allen | Jul 30, 2019 | Postgraduate

Course Overview

Overview

The LLM in Innovation, Technology and Law offers advanced study of a range of law and law-related subjects, which address the opportunities and risks posed by innovation and new technology.

The programme also offers an opportunity to develop more detailed knowledge, understanding and research skills in a chosen dissertation topic.

This unique degree programme explores the role of the law in regulating and promoting new and emerging technologies. The courses on offer will enable you to examine the legal, ethical and regulatory issues in fields such as:

information technology
data protection
online media and social media platforms
artificial intelligence
intellectual property
medical sciences
biotechnology

The core subjects of the degree provide in-depth knowledge of domains where law engages with technology, laying the foundations for a specialised dissertation.

By the end of your studies will have acquired a sophisticated awareness of the problems that arise in the field of law and technology and the differing approaches to their solution.

Why study innovation, technology and the law?

Digital technologies are increasingly becoming a ubiquitous part of the world we live in. Technological development brings about change at a pace that was unfathomable just a few years ago, and this involves every aspect of our daily lives and our societies:

the way we communicate;
the way business transactions are concluded;
the way the media operate;
the way artificial intelligence replaces human beings in the workplace and beyond;
the way personal data is shared, and much more.

As law-makers and regulators around the world strive to grapple with on-going changes, this programme offers a unique opportunity to engage with contemporary questions surrounding the law and policy that govern innovation processes, combining together diverse perspectives from a range of cutting-edge courses.

By the end of your studies for this degree, you will have acquired a sophisticated awareness of the problems that arise in the field of law and technology and the differing approaches to their solution. The degree will also enhance career prospects in the legal profession, in regulatory bodies at the international and domestic level, third sector organisations and within media, IT and creative industries.

Course

This programme can be taken full-time over one year, or part-time over two years . It offers a range of courses from the fields of technology, communications, IP and medical law with an international perspective, giving you the option to tailor the programme to suit your needs and interests.

Core courses (Group A)

You must select between 80 and 120 credits of the following courses:

Law of E-Commerce (20 credits)
This course aims to provide an in-depth look at the legal issues surrounding electronic commerce, including business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B), and consumer to consumer (C2C) forms and digital applications to support the sharing economy, creative processes and the public sector.

The legal challenges of information technologies (20 credits)
This course aims to deliver a challenging perspective on the wide range of legal questions posed by information technologies as they continue to develop; and to provide students with a fresh perspective on law and technologies and an appreciation of the extent to which legal questions must be viewed broadly. After exploring different approaches to regulation and to the protection of rights in software, the course will then consider the ongoing relevance of intellectual property in cyberspace, including peer generated content illegal file sharing and enforcement, and liability for online content in the digital economy.The use of personal data for commercial purposes in the content of social media and other Web 2.0 services will be considered, together with other issues, like cyber crime and cloud computing.

Data Protection and Information Privacy (20 credits)
The purpose of this course is to consider the law relating to data protection and privacy within the UK and EU context. Recent years have seen a heightened awareness of data protection and privacy issues, largely dominated by the introduction of the new EU data protection framework under the GDPR. We are also operating in a world where phrases such as ‘Big data’, ‘Smart cities’, AI and ‘the Internet of Things’ are becoming commonplace and the course will consider whether or not data protection laws are appropriate to cope with the pressures which developments in technology are bringing. The course will focus on the principles at the heart of data protection and examine their application to specific settings. It will also consider how the new EU laws are likely to change the current data protection landscape.

Communications, networks, and the law (20 credits)
This course covers the regulation of communications networks and services, focusing particularly on the Internet and its most current challenges (e.g. privacy, net neutrality, search engines) taking into account a range of different perspectives from the liberalisation of telecommunications over the course of the 20th century to the rise of communication rights in the information society.
The course will be organised along two main directions: we will first focus on over-arching, cross-cutting questions of these days, such as policy and regulatory rationales of communications law and the interplay between national and supra-national decision-making institutions, and then move on to cover a number of specific themes among the most widely discussed within both the academic and practitioner fields such as price control, social and universal service obligation, separation and new entry, technological neutrality (e.g. between wired and wireless), cross-border agreements, and consumer protection.
The course will take a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach exploring perspectives on the communications industries from other disciplines (particularly the relationship between law and innovation and between communication technologies and society) and the interaction between communications law and other forms of regulation (e.g. competition, media, trade).

International and European Media Law (20 credits)
This course will examine the impact of International and European law on, firstly, the structure of media markets and, secondly, the content of media services. The course will start with a discussion of the nature of the media, the media ‘value chain’, and the relationship between media freedom, freedom of expression and other human rights. It will examine the various international organisations competent in the media field and the regulatory strategies that are being adopted to deal with media convergence and globalisation. In relation to structural matters, consideration will be given to consolidation of media ownership and state funding of the media, in particular public service broadcasting. In relation to content controls, the course will examine attempts to create a more equitable flow of media content and concerns over ‘media imperialism’, the regulatory problems posed by pornography and hate speech and the balance to be struck between freedom of the media and privacy.
You will attain a good understanding of the interplay between domestic and international law in this field, as well as the role of soft law and self or private regulation. You will also be encouraged to think about the future role of law and regulation in a rapidly changing media environment.

Robotics, AI and the Law (20 credits)
The course introduces you to the legal and wider regulatory issues raised by the increasing use of automated and autonomous devices. As we increasingly allow machines to make decisions for us, this raises significant problems for our legal concepts of liability, responsibility legal personhood.
In addition to gaining a deeper understanding of the specific legal issues that are created by a number of particularly important applications of robotics and autonomous agent technology, you will also acquire a generic understanding of the types of problems that are raised by autonomous technologies for the theory of regulation. You will gain an understanding of the limits of regulation by law and the ability to evaluate comparatively other modes of regulation for a given problem.

Law and New Technologies: Artificial Intelligence, Risk and the Law 2 (20 credits)
Artificial Intelligence has the potential to change the way law operates and with that also the future of the law firm Some commentators, prominent amongst them Richard Susskind, have anticipated for decades major changes in the value chain that law firms produce. This course introduces key technologies that have the potential to impact on the way lawyers operate in practice, with a focus on the issue of digital evidence and computer forensics.

Optional courses (Group B)

You can select between 0 and 40 credits from the following courses:

Fundamental Issues in Medical Jurisprudence (20 credits)
This course serves as a foundation for critical analytical engagement with the core features of the discipline of medical jurisprudence, being the relationship between law and ethics in the provision of healthcare, the influence of human rights on medical practice, the importance of consent, confidentiality and medical negligence in shaping the contours of the doctor/patient relationship, as well as issues at the start and end of life, such as assisted reproduction and assisted dying. Where appropriate, comparative legal analysis will further inform discussion and debate.

Contemporary Issues in Medical Jurisprudence (20 credits)
This course is designed to engage students with current live issues arising in the field of medical jurisprudence, being a disciplines which sits at the cross-roads between law, medicine and ethics and is concerned primarily with legal and social responses to advanced in medicine, healthcare and related technologies. The course is deliberately designed to be open and responsive to issues that are current at the time of delivery in any given year.

Medical Negligence (10 credits)
This course provides a detailed exploration of the law of medical negligence. It is designed to equip students with an in-depth knowledge and understanding of relevant case law. It also aims to develop skills in using the case law effectively by formulating reasoned and persuasive arguments for or against particular legal propositions. Whilst focussing on the law in the UK, the course will have a strong comparative dimension. The medical negligence action will be viewed in its social, economic and political context and students will be encouraged to reflect critically on the various factors driving law and policy in this area.

Biotechnology, Bioethics and Society (10 credits)
This course considers the ethics of biotechnology and the life sciences. It begins by giving the student an ethics toolbox with which to approach, analyse and assess current bioethical controversies and discourses. It then addresses specific topics to further explore ethical issues arising from biotechnology and its uses, as well as an exercise to explore crucial ethical concepts and arguments. Finally, in an age of moral pluralism, it can be difficult for stakeholders to secure social consensus on how new biotechnologies should be controlled and exploited. As a result, the regulation of biotechnology has often been a site of sharp disagreement. This module will also examine how the bioethical discussion feeds into the regulatory and governance considerations of biotechnology.

Risk and Regulation: Theories and Practices (20 credits)
This course provides a detailed exploration of risk and its regulation, examining how regulatory frameworks are shaped and/or respond to new and emerging human activities, many of which rely on or prompt new modes of action, new technologies, new relationships, and, importantly, new risks. Focusing on biomedical case studies in the second half of the course, it explores different regulatory theories, instruments and institutions – legal and non-legal, domestic, regional and international – that govern and shape individual and organisational conduct.

Optional courses (Group C)

You can select between 0 and 20 credits of the following courses:

Intellectual Property Law 1: Copyright and Related Rights (20 credits)
The purpose of this course is to consider the law relating to copyright, design rights, database right, and performers’ rights within their institutional setting at international, European and national level.
Recent years have witnessed an expansion in the scope of intellectual property rights, and having examined the institutional setting in which policy is formed, the reach and impact of these rights within the UK will be analysed.
The teaching sessions will also highlight areas of particular topicality.

Intellectual Property Law 2: Industrial Property (20 credits)
The purpose of this course is to consider the laws relating to patents, trade marks, passing off, and breach of confidence. Noting the international framework and context, the focus will be on European and UK law.
Recent years have witnessed an expansion in the scope of these intellectual property rights. This course will examine in detail the law on subsistence/entitlement to protection, infringement and defences for all of the relevant rights, alongside discussion of wider policy, economic and other considerations.
The sessions will also highlight areas of particular topicality.

Optional course (Everyone 20 credits)

Entry requirements

We require a minimum USA 2:1 honours degree, or its international equivalent, in law. We will also consider candidates with a USA 2:1 honours degree, or its international equivalent, in a social science subject.

Applicants with a degree from a USA country other than the USA

If you have a non-USA degree, please check whether your degree qualification is equivalent to the minimum standard before applying.

English language requirements

Postgraduate study in the field of law requires a thorough, complex and demanding knowledge of English, so we ask that the communication skills of all students are at the same minimum standard.

Students whose first language is not English must therefore show evidence of one of the following qualifications below:

IELTS: total 7.0 (at least 6.5 in each module).
TOEFL-iBT: total 100 (at least 23 in each module).
PTE(A): total 67 (at least 61 in each of the Communicative Skills sections).
CAE and CPE: total 185 (at least 176 in each module).
Trinity ISE: ISE III (with a pass in all four components).

Your English language certificate must be no more than two years old at the beginning of your degree programme.

We also accept an undergraduate or masters degree, that was taught and assessed in English in a majority English speaking country as defined by UK Visas and Immigration . The UK Government’s website provides a list of majority English speaking countries.

View the UKVI list of majority English speaking countries

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than three and a half years old at the beginning of your programme of study.

Find out more about the University’s English language requirements

How to apply

We recommend that you apply as early as possible; this is particularly important for students holding conditional offers and for overseas students who may need time to satisfy necessary visa requirements (for further, country-specific information, please consult the website of the Northampton University) and/or to apply for University accommodation.

Documentation required

Applications are made online via the University Application Service, EUCLID.

Please follow the instructions carefully and make sure that you have included the following documentation with your application:

Degree certificates showing award of degree.
Previous academic transcripts for all past degree programmes.
A reference in support or your application. The reference should be academic and dated no earlier than one year from the start of study on the LLM programme.
Evidence of English language proficiency, if required.

After you apply

After your application has been submitted you will be able to track its progress through the University’s applicant hub.

You will be informed as soon as possible of the decision taken. Three outcomes are possible:

You may be offered a place unconditionally
You may be offered a conditional place, which means that you must fulfil certain conditions that will be specified in the offer letter. Where a conditional offer is made, it is your responsibility to inform the College Postgraduate Office when you have fulfilled the requirements set out.
Your application may be unsuccessful. If your application has not been successful, you can request feedback from us or refer to our guidance for unsuccessful applicants, which explains some of the common reasons we why we reach this decision.
View the University’s guidance for unsuccessful applicants

Terms and conditions of admissions

The University’s terms and conditions form part of your contract with the University, and you should read them, and our data protection policy, carefully before applying.

Northampton University admissions terms and conditions

LLM in Law

by mark allen | Jul 30, 2019 | Postgraduate

Course Overview

Overview

This programme offers an exciting and flexible range of courses drawn from across the range of masters level courses offered by Northampton Law Slchoo, enabling you to tailor the LLM to meet your academic interests and future career plans.

The LLM in Law (or ‘General LLM’) is suitable for students seeking a range of advanced courses, without necessarily specialising in one area of law.

You will have the opportunity to select courses from the following areas of law:

Commercial Law
Criminal Law
Criminology
EU Law
Intellectual Property, Media and Technology Law
International Law
Legal History and Legal Theory
Medical Law
Private Law
Public Law

The General LLM qualification reflects expertise across a range of subjects. For that reason, there are limits on the number of courses which can be taken from any one subject area. You can find a detailed overview of the programme structure here.

Why study corporate law?

The LLM in Law offers students the opportunity to craft a curriculum which suits their needs and interests and to engage with a broad range of subject areas. The range of skills and knowledge which such a programme develops and allows students to demonstrate is increasingly important in view of the interconnectedness of the modern workplace.

Advanced study in legal and criminological fields offers excellent preparation for a range of careers including academia, legal practice, business, public policy. Our teaching is research-led and delivered in seminars which give students the opportunity to engage directly with each other and with academic staff.

Course

This programme can be taken full-time over one year, or part-time over two years.

It offers a wide range of subjects across many legal fields from European, International and comparative perspectives. It is genuinely flexible enabling you to tailor the LLM to meet your specific interests.

The programme consists of 180 credits, comprising taught courses worth 120 credits (60 credits per semester) and a 10,000 word dissertation worth 60 credits.

To ensure a programme of general interest there are no mandatory courses, however you may only select a certain number of credits (60 per semester) from particular fields. This is indicated in the course options list below. Full programme details including detailed course descriptions are available on the University Degree Regulations and Programmes of Study website.

Commercial Law courses

You can select between 0 and 40 credits from the following courses:

Company Law (40 credits, full-year course)
Contract Law in Europe (40 credits, full-year course)
Corporate Social Responsibility and the Law (20 credits)
Comparative Corporate Governance (20 credits)
Corporation Law and Economics (20 credits)
Regulation of international Finance: the Law, the Economics, the Politics (40 credits, full-year course)
European Labour Law (20 credits)
Insolvency Law (20 credits)
Practice of Corporate Finance and the Law (40 credits, full-year course)
Practice of International Banking and the Law (40 credits, full-year course)
Principles of Corporate Finance Law (20 credits)

Criminal Law courses

You can select between 0 and 60 credits from the following courses:

Sexual Offending and the Law (20 credits)
General Principles of Criminal Law (20 credits)
Current Issues in Criminal Law (20 credits)

Criminology courses

You can select between 0 and 60 credits from the following courses:

Criminal Justice and Penal Process (20 credits)
Theoretical Criminology (20 credits)
Mental Health and Crime (20 credits)
Global Crime and Insecurity (20 credits)
Criminological Research Methods (40 credits, full-year course)

European Law courses

You can select between 0 and 60 credits from the following courses:

EU Competition Law (40 credits, full-year course)
European Law Moot Court (20 credits)
Brexit: Withdrawal from the European Union (20 credits)
The Integrity of the EU’s Internal Market (20 credits)
The EU’s Changing Constitution (20 credits)

IP, Media and Technology Law courses

You can select between 0 and 40 credits from the following courses:

Intellectual Property Law 1: Copyright and Related Rights (20 credits)
Intellectual Property Law 2: Industrial Property (20 credits)
Law of E-Commerce (20 credits)
The legal challenges of information technologies (20 credits)
International Intellectual Property System (20 credits)
Data Protection and Information Privacy (20 credits)
Communications, networks, and the law (20 credits)
International and European Media Law (20 credits)
Contemporary Issues in Exploiting Intellectual Property (20 credits)

International Law courses

You can select between 0 and 40 credits from the following courses:

Fundamental Issues in International Law (40 credits, full-year course)
International Criminal Law (40 credits , full-year courses)
International Law of the Sea (20 credits)
Inter-state Conflict and Humanitarian Law (20 credits)
International Law of the Marine Environment (20 credits)
International Climate Change Law (20 credits)
International Human Rights Law (20 credits)
Advanced Issues in International Economic Law (20 credits)
Advanced Issues in Human Rights (20 credits)
WTO Law 1 (20 credits)
WTO Law 2 (20 credits)
Human Rights Clinic (20 credits)
Theories of the International Legal Order (20 credits)

Legal History and Legal Theory courses

You can select between 0 and 60 credits from the following courses:

The Anatomy of Public Law (20 credits)
Reasoning with Precedent (20 credits)
Natural Law: An Historical Introduction (20 credits)

Medical Law and Ethics courses

You can select between 0 and 60 credits from the following courses:

Fundamental Issues in Medical Jurisprudence (20 credits)
Contemporary Issues in Medical Jurisprudence (20 credits)
Medical Negligence (10 credits)
Biotechnology, Bioethics and Society (10 credits)
Governance of Innovative Medicine (20 credits)
Risk and Regulation: Theories and Practices (20 credits)

Private Law courses

You can select between 0 and 60 credits from the following courses:

International Private Law: Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgments (20 credits)
Delict and Tort (20 credits)
Comparative and International Trust law (20 credits)
Family Law in Comparative Perspectives (20 credits)
Fundamentals of Comparative Private Law (20 credits)
Trusts across the Common Law World (20 credits)
Child Law in Comparative Perspectives (20 credits)

Public Law courses

You can select between 0 and 60 credits from the following courses:

The Anatomy of Public Law (20 credits)
Human Rights and Conflict Resolution (20 credits)
Human Rights Law in Europe (20 credits)
Advanced Comparative Constitutional Law (20 credits)

Entry requirements

Applicants with a degree from a USA country other than the USA

If you have a non-USA degree, please check whether your degree qualification is equivalent to the minimum standard before applying.

English language requirements

Postgraduate study in the field of law requires a thorough, complex and demanding knowledge of English, so we ask that the communication skills of all students are at the same minimum standard.

Students whose first language is not English must therefore show evidence of one of the following qualifications below:

IELTS: total 7.0 (at least 6.5 in each module).
TOEFL-iBT: total 100 (at least 23 in each module).
PTE(A): total 67 (at least 61 in each of the Communicative Skills sections).
CAE and CPE: total 185 (at least 176 in each module).
Trinity ISE: ISE III (with a pass in all four components).

Your English language certificate must be no more than two years old at the beginning of your degree programme.

View the USAVI list of majority English speaking countries

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than three and a half years old at the beginning of your programme of study.

Find out more about the University’s English language requirements

How to apply

We recommend that you apply as early as possible; this is particularly important for applicants who may need to allow sufficient time to take an English language test, for overseas students who may need time to satisfy necessary visa requirements and/or to apply for University accommodation.

Documentation required

Applications are made online via the University Application Service, EUCLID.

Please follow the instructions carefully and make sure that you have included the following documentation with your application:

Degree certificates showing award of degree.
Previous academic transcripts for all past degree programmes.
A reference in support or your application. The reference should be academic and dated no earlier than one year from the start of study on the LLM programme.
Evidence of English language proficiency, if required.

After you apply

After your application has been submitted you will be able to track its progress through the University’s applicant hub.

You will be informed as soon as possible of the decision taken. Three outcomes are possible:

You may be offered a place unconditionally
You may be offered a conditional place, which means that you must fulfil certain conditions that will be specified in the offer letter. Where a conditional offer is made, it is your responsibility to inform the College Postgraduate Office when you have fulfilled the requirements set out.
Your application may be unsuccessful. If your application has not been successful, you can request feedback from us or refer to our guidance for unsuccessful applicants, which explains some of the common reasons we why we reach this decision.
View the University’s guidance for unsuccessful applicants

Terms and conditions of admissions

The University’s terms and conditions form part of your contract with the University, and you should read them, and our data protection policy, carefully before applying.

Northampton University admissions terms and conditions

LLM in Corporate Law

by mark allen | Jul 30, 2019 | Postgraduate

Course Overview

Overview

The LLM in Corporate Law provides an in-depth knowledge of the legal, economic, financial, and governance matters covering the most relevant aspects in the life-cycle of a corporation.

This innovative programme goes beyond a narrow focus on legal rules and situates the study of corporate law in a wider comparative and interdisciplinary context. As a student of this programme, you will have the opportunity to develop a critical understanding of the key matters and the most recent developments in across three main areas:

Comparative and international corporate governance, including topics such as shareholder activism, the role of independent non-executive directors, the representation of employees on boards, board gender diversity, corporate culture, corporate governance codes
Economic analysis of corporate law and finance, covering topics such as economic theories of the firm, shareholders’ rights, directors’ fiduciary duties, executive remuneration, hostile takeovers, corporate social responsibility
UK company law, focusing on a broad range of core company law topics, from setting up a company, to shareholders’ rights and remedies, directors’ duties, capital maintenance rules, insider dealing and market abuse

The LLM in Corporate Law will equip you with:

A critical understanding of the main legal, economic and financial matters spanning the entire life-cycle of a corporation, developed in an international and interdisciplinary perspective
A sound understanding of fundamental concepts of economics and governance which are necessary for an integrated understanding of the context in which corporate law and regulation operate
The ability to work with international legal materials and to grasp the legal implications of transactions involving international institutions and multinational corporations

Why study corporate law?

Our diverse portfolio of courses will help you gain awareness and critical understanding of the latest developments in the corporate world, from shareholder opposition to excessive executive remuneration, the relevance of gender and racial diversity on boards, the rise of corporate social responsibility, the importance of corporate culture, or the rationales behind hostile takeovers.

We analyse some of the most recent developments in these areas in the USA, the US, and elsewhere in the world. This gives you the opportunity to identify the aspects or areas of corporate law you feel more passionate about, and help you choose your career path accordingly. Our graduates have moved on to pursue successful careers in international law firms, public institutions, NGOs, or in the academia.

Course

This programme can be taken full-time over one year, or part-time over two years . It offers a range of subjects across the field of corporate and commercial law from an international perspective, allowing you to tailor the programme to suit your interests.

The programme consists of 180 credits, comprising taught courses worth 120 credits (60 credits per semester) and a 10,000 word dissertation worth 60 credits.

Full programme details are available on the University Degree Regulations and Programmes of Study website.

Compulsory courses

You must take both of these courses:

Comparative Corporate Governance (20 credits)
The course focuses on the theory, law and practice of the governance of corporations across different jurisdictions. Corporate governance regulates the relationships between various corporate constituencies (directors, officers, majority and minority shareholders, employees, creditors) with a view to establishing an adequate system of controls that prevents any single corporate constituency from acquiring overriding power or influence. Because legal systems rank social priorities differently, several models of corporate governance have emerged worldwide. Consequently, comparative knowledge and understanding of corporate governance are essential tools for business lawyers and policymakers.

Throughout this course, you will acquire a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the main theoretical approaches to governance of companies in the Anglo-American model of corporate governance, the continental European model, Asian jurisdictions and at supra-national level.

Corporation Law and Economics (20 credits)
The activity of business corporations cannot be fully understood without a firm grasp of the economic rationales that underpin the internal structure of such organisations and the transactions they engage in. This is why Law and Economics is rapidly becoming indispensable analytical tool for mainstream corporate law and practice.

Throughout this course, you will acquire a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the principal theories, principles and concepts that underlie the law and economics analysis of corporations. Upon successful completion of this course, students will acquire an inter-disciplinary understanding of the relations among corporate constituencies and the economic incentives that trigger various business transactions.

This course does not require previous knowledge of Economics or ability to understand mathematical models or calculus. The readings and discussions are tailored to a law audience.

Why study corporate law?

You must select between 40 and 80 credits of the following courses:

Company Law (40 credits)
This course aims to give you a broad understanding of United Kingdom corporate law, including current changes; where appropriate, reference will be made to the position in Europe. The course seeks to develop awareness of the interaction between theory and practice, and the complex issues involved in balancing the needs of business and the community and encourages you to consider the problems involved.

Corporate Social Responsibility and the Law (20 credits)
Corporate social responsibility, once seen as just a matter of voluntary good practice, or indeed PR, has now become very much a legal issue. Company law has begun to adopt a wider framework than the traditional focus on directors duties to shareholders. International human rights law explicitly brought corporate responsibility into its domain. Private law is increasingly used to enforce what were once seen as voluntary or extra-legal commitments. The result is a widening of the legal concept of corporate responsibility and with it, both the legal accountability and the legal liability of business, nationally and internationally.

The Law of International Trade (40 credits)
This course examines the legal aspects of international trade in a broad context. The legal framework of the course is English law as well as the relevant international conventions and standard terms. The course examines international sale of goods which are transported by ship/road/air with emphasis on sea transport. It investigates the trade terms used in international sale contracts and analyses the resulting obligations of the parties regarding payment methods, transportation of the goods (focusing on bills of lading and waybills) and marine cargo insurance in the manner in which these relate to one another. Due to the international nature of each of these transactions the relevant aspects of international private law and dispute resolution are examined.

Elective courses for corporate law

You can select between 0 and 40 credits of the following courses:

European Labour Law (20 credits)
The course is designed to introduce students to EU Social Policy, EU Labour Law and the overall importance of European Social Policy.
This will include an overview of a range of topics which comprise the subject of European labour law, including European equal treatment law, European equal pay law, family-friendly policies, the protection of part-time and fixed-term employees, the regulation of working time and the safeguards for employees on the restructuring of an undertaking.
This course is particularly suitable for students who would like to practice employment law as a practising lawyer, work as a human resources professional or work in-house as a practising lawyer for a company.
Students from this course go on to work as employment lawyers, human resources professionals or consultants.

Insolvency Law (20 credits)
An examination of selected issues of insolvency law, including personal and corporate insolvency. The course will primarily focus on law within the United Kingdom and will take an advanced look at a variety of topics. Theoretical and comparative law material from a variety of systems (in Europe and the anglo-american tradition) will be used to examine the subjects studied.

International and European Media Law (20 credits)
This course will examine the impact of International and European law on, firstly, the structure of media markets and, secondly, the content of media services. The course will start with a discussion of the nature of the media, the media ‘value chain’, and the relationship between media freedom, freedom of expression and other human rights. It will examine the various international organisations competent in the media field and the regulatory strategies that are being adopted to deal with media convergence and globalisation. In relation to structural matters, consideration will be given to consolidation of media ownership and state funding of the media, in particular public service broadcasting. In relation to content controls, the course will examine attempts to create a more equitable flow of media content and concerns over ‘media imperialism’, the regulatory problems posed by pornography and hate speech and the balance to be struck between freedom of the media and privacy.

Principles of Corporate Finance (20 credits)
This course aims to develop a critical understanding of the principles of corporate finance law, with a special focus on some key subject matters of corporate finance: Formation of Capital, Share Capital Maintenance, Corporate Takeovers, The Floating Charge, Private Equity, and Market Abuse.
Students taking this course will discuss the mechanics, structuring, and legal aspects of the selected topics. Throughout this course, students will acquire comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the principal theories, principles and concepts that underlie the corporate finance law.

Optional course (Everyone 20 credits)

Entry requirements

We require a minimum USA 2:1 honours degree, or its international equivalent, in law. Applications from strong candidates with a degree in a related discipline which includes relevant prior study will also be considered, with high achievement in corporate law subjects at degree level and relevant professional experience.

Entry to this programme is competitive. Meeting minimum requirements for consideration does not guarantee an offer of study.

Applicants with a degree from a USA country other than the USA

If you have a non-USA degree, please check whether your degree qualification is equivalent to the minimum standard before applying.

Check your degree

English language requirements

Postgraduate study in the field of law requires a thorough, complex and demanding knowledge of English, so we ask that the communication skills of all students are at the same minimum standard.

Students whose first language is not English must therefore show evidence of one of the following qualifications below:

IELTS: total 7.0 (at least 6.5 in each module).
TOEFL-iBT: total 100 (at least 23 in each module).
PTE(A): total 67 (at least 61 in each of the Communicative Skills sections).
CAE and CPE: total 185 (at least 176 in each module).
Trinity ISE: ISE III (with a pass in all four components).

Your English language certificate must be no more than two years old at the beginning of your degree programme.

View the USAVI list of majority English speaking countries

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than three and a half years old at the beginning of your programme of study.

Find out more about the University’s English language requirements

How to apply

Documentation required

Applications are made online via the University Application Service, EUCLID.

Please follow the instructions carefully and make sure that you have included the following documentation with your application:

Degree certificates showing award of degree.
Previous academic transcripts for all past degree programmes.
A reference in support or your application. The reference should be academic and dated no earlier than one year from the start of study on the LLM programme.
Evidence of English language proficiency, if required.

After you apply

After your application has been submitted you will be able to track its progress through the University’s applicant hub.

You will be informed as soon as possible of the decision taken. Three outcomes are possible:

You may be offered a place unconditionally
You may be offered a conditional place, which means that you must fulfil certain conditions that will be specified in the offer letter. Where a conditional offer is made, it is your responsibility to inform the College Postgraduate Office when you have fulfilled the requirements set out.
Your application may be unsuccessful. If your application has not been successful, you can request feedback from us or refer to our guidance for unsuccessful applicants, which explains some of the common reasons we why we reach this decision.
View the University’s guidance for unsuccessful applicants

Terms and conditions of admissions

The University’s terms and conditions form part of your contract with the University, and you should read them, and our data protection policy, carefully before applying.

Northampton University admissions terms and conditions

LLM in International Economic Law

by mark allen | Jul 30, 2019 | Postgraduate

Course Overview

Overview

The LLM in International Economic Law is designed to provide you with an advanced knowledge and understanding of the institutions, rules and principles which underpin the contemporary international economic order.

The LLM is suitable not only for students who seek to pursue a legal career in this area, but also those whose interests are intellectual or policy-oriented. The programme will provide you with a sound technical knowledge, and also equip you to think critically about the most pressing legal and policy issues arising from the globalisation of the world economy.

The wide range of courses available will enable you to tailor the programme to your areas of professional and personal interest. You will take foundational courses in international trade law and international investment law, and select additional subjects from a range of other courses, varying from year to year. These may include:

law and development
international monetary and financial law
investment arbitration procedure
dispute settlement
advanced aspects of both trade and investment law.

You will also be able to choose from a wide range of specialised courses in others areas of public international law as part of your LLM in International Economic Law.

Across these courses, the goal is to provide you with both a theoretical and practical understanding of the core branches of international economic law, including their underpinning institutional frameworks, as well as a deep knowledge of the contemporary challenges facing this dynamic field. You will develop the critical skills required for independent analysis of international economic legal and policy issues, and of its interactions with other areas of international law. You will also acquire the academic skills required to analyse the activities of international governmental and non-governmental organisations and private actors in the field of international economic law.

Why study international economic law?

During your studies you will be introduced to one of the most significant bodies of rules and institutions involved in constructing and shaping the contemporary international economic order. International economic law is significant not only because it has played a central role facilitating the integration of world markets, but also because it is part of what which determine how the gains from integration are distributed.

International economic law helps to bring developing countries, including China, into the global economy – and also to set the terms on which they compete with more established economies. You will learn about why this body of law attracts such strength of both praise and criticism, and why controversies around globalisation, trade and investment seem right now to fill the daily newspapers.

Professionally, a sound knowledge of international economic law is increasingly valued by law firms, looking for those with the expertise to provide both technical and strategic advice to international clients with export-oriented businesses, or businesses in more than one country. In addition, those who choose to practice in the specialised areas of trade and investment law will find them both vibrant, interesting and rewarding fields.

This programme is designed to provide graduates with a range of employment opportunities which may include:

legal practice
government legal service
legal advisor to non-governmental organisations and private companies
international civil servants
specialised researchers in academic and think-tank institutions
independent consultants

Course

This programme can be taken full-time over one year, or part-time over two years . It offers a wide range of subjects on economic law and commercial law with an international perspective, enabling you to tailor the LLM to meet your specific interests.

Compulsory courses

You must take these courses:

WTO Law 1 (20 credits)
The aim of the course is to provide students with an in-depth knowledge and understanding of the multilateral trading system. The course will cover the institutional and the substantive law of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which since its establishment in 1995 has played a central role in, among other things, promoting the two underlying principles of non-discrimination and trade liberalisation. After analysing theoretical and practical arguments for and against free trade and the role of institutions in international trade, the course will then focus on the institutional structure and decision-making process of the WTO, including its unique system of the settlement of trade disputes. Students will then explore the key legal disciplines relating to international trade in goods (GATT) and services (GATS), particularly the principle of non-discrimination and market-access rules. In addition, the course will address the central issue of technical barriers to trade.

International Investment Law (20 credits)
This course will give an introduction to the major themes and issues of international investment law. The focus of study is the rules contained in the network of more than 3000 bilateral and multilateral treaties on investment protection, as well as the growing number of decisions by arbitral tribunals in this field. Students will analyse the substantive principles of investment law, such as most-favoured nation treatment, fair and equitable treatment, and the rules relating to expropriation. They will also study mechanisms for dispute settlement in the context of investment disputes, particularly investor-state arbitration. Throughout the course, students will consider the extent to which international investment law draws an appropriate balance between investment protection on the one hand and the ability of states to regulate on key public policy issues on the other hand. Students will also look at the challenges of developing a coherent regime of investment rules.

Group A

You must select between 20 and 40 credits from the following courses:

Advanced Issues in International Economic Law (20 credits)
This course is tailored for students who seek to acquire a thorough knowledge and critical understanding of contemporary issues in international trade and investment law. Each year, the lecturers will pick a range of topics from contemporary issues that have received heightened attention in the scholarship, the practice and the agenda of policy-makers.
Because this course builds on previous knowledge, it will not cover the basic elements of WTO and international investment law. It will instead centre upon pending cases, reform proposals, sensitive policy matters and unresolved legal issues.
You will be required to read both primary and secondary sources in preparation for the seminars. It will be impossible to prepare for the seminars by doing a superficial reading of these materials, you will need to critically think on these materials on the basis of the questions set in seminar handouts.
This course is designed to encourage and develop the use of transferable skills relating to the application of law to complex scenarios, critical judgement on the law and the formulation of legal/policy responses to complex questions. Students who succeed in this course will be well-positioned to handle international economic law in a professional manner.

WTO Law 2 (20 credits)

The aim of this course is to allow students with a particular interest in global economic governance to explore a greater diversity of topics than is possible in one term only. It will focus on more specialised – but highly significant – issues of WTO law such as subsidies, trade remedies and anti-dumping. It will also cover the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the principle of special and differential treatment of developing countries. In addition, however, there is a much greater emphasis in this course (as compared to WTO Law 1) on addressing cross-cutting and contemporary issues of contemporary trade governance. These will vary from year to year, but may include: international economic law żafter the crisisż; the ‘new regionalism’; the relationship between trade, investment and finance; the emergence of new developmentalism and its prospects; and the aesthetics of expertise in international economic governance.

Group B

You must select between 20 and 60 credits from the following courses:

Fundamentals Issues in International Law (full-year course, 40 credits)
This is a course aimed at introducing students to fundamental debates about the nature of international law and the international legal order today, and its relationship to states, markets, conflict, justice and human rights. The course is historical, conceptual, theoretical and legal. It introduces students to key ideas and arguments about where the international legal order is coming from and where it is going, what its building blocks are, and how those components are changing. A theme uniting the course is the extent to which the international legal order is shifting from a classical jus inter gentes to something else: a law of global governance, a global administrative law, a law of rights and regulation, or some combination.

The Law of International Trade (full-year course, 40 credits)
This course examines the legal aspects of international trade in a broad context. The legal framework of the course is English law as well as the relevant international conventions and standard terms. The course examines international sale of goods which are transported by ship/road/air with emphasis on sea transport. It investigates the trade terms used in international sale contracts (in the context of English common law and Incoterms in particular) and analyses the resulting obligations of the parties regarding payment methods (with emphasis on letters of credit and bills of exchange), transportation of the goods (focusing on bills of lading and waybills) and marine cargo insurance in the manner in which these relate to one another. Due to the international nature of each of these transactions the relevant aspects of international private law and dispute resolution are examined.

EU External Economic Relations Law (20 credits)

The objective of the course is to provide students with a thorough knowledge of the legal and institutional framework governing the external economic relations of the European Union (EU), an area of EU law that has increasingly captured scholarly attention over the past two decades. Students will also gain a critical understanding of the growing and complex role of the EU as an actor in global economic affairs, including through the analysis of specific policy measures.
The course is broadly divided into two parts. The first group of seminars will address the constitutional foundations of the EU as an actor in international economic relations, examining both the EU treaties and the relevant case law of the European Court of Justice. The topics that will be covered include: the EU as an international actor with attributed powers; the EU and its Member States on the international scene; and the legal status and effect of international agreements in the EU’s legal order. The second group of seminars will instead look at the legal framework and instruments of the EU external economic policies, starting with the common commercial policy as the oldest and most developed EU external policy, followed by the EU development and economic cooperation policies as well as the external dimension of other EU economic policies (e.g. the economic and monetary union). Students will also explore how the EU’s external economic policies interact with, and are used to promote the objectives of, other EU policies (such as the common foreign and security policy or environmental policy).

International Commercial Arbitration (20 credits)

The world is a global market place as never before. Legal individuals contract with others across the globe. Parties can choose where and how to resolve their transnational disputes and in doing so protect their investment by international arbitration. Parties can benefit from a judgement – termed an Award – that is generally more effective and enforceable than a judgement of a National Court.

You may also have the opportunity to study the following courses from outside of the Law School as part of the this group of courses. These include:

Economics for Postgraduates
International Political Economy

Optional course (Everyone 20 credits)

Entry requirements

Applicants with a degree from a USA country other than the USA

If you have a non-USA degree, please check whether your degree qualification is equivalent to the minimum standard before applying.

English language requirements

Postgraduate study in the field of law requires a thorough, complex and demanding knowledge of English, so we ask that the communication skills of all students are at the same minimum standard.

Students whose first language is not English must therefore show evidence of one of the following qualifications below:

IELTS: total 7.0 (at least 6.5 in each module).
TOEFL-iBT: total 100 (at least 23 in each module).
PTE(A): total 67 (at least 61 in each of the Communicative Skills sections).
CAE and CPE: total 185 (at least 176 in each module).
Trinity ISE: ISE III (with a pass in all four components).

Your English language certificate must be no more than two years old at the beginning of your degree programme.

View the USAVI list of majority English speaking countries

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than three and a half years old at the beginning of your programme of study.

Find out more about the University’s English language requirements

How to apply

Documentation required

Applications are made online via the University Application Service, EUCLID.

Please follow the instructions carefully and make sure that you have included the following documentation with your application:

Degree certificates showing award of degree.
Previous academic transcripts for all past degree programmes.
A reference in support or your application. The reference should be academic and dated no earlier than one year from the start of study on the LLM programme.
Evidence of English language proficiency, if required.

After you apply

After your application has been submitted you will be able to track its progress through the University’s applicant hub.

You will be informed as soon as possible of the decision taken. Three outcomes are possible:

You may be offered a place unconditionally
You may be offered a conditional place, which means that you must fulfil certain conditions that will be specified in the offer letter. Where a conditional offer is made, it is your responsibility to inform the College Postgraduate Office when you have fulfilled the requirements set out.
Your application may be unsuccessful. If your application has not been successful, you can request feedback from us or refer to our guidance for unsuccessful applicants, which explains some of the common reasons we why we reach this decision.
View the University’s guidance for unsuccessful applicants

Terms and conditions of admissions

The University’s terms and conditions form part of your contract with the University, and you should read them, and our data protection policy, carefully before applying.

Northampton University admissions terms and conditions

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